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This information and promotion material of the Romanian tourism was done within the project “Guide of local traditional festivals and events from Romania and the web site www.destinationromania.eu”, proposed by the Representation Office of the National Union of the County Councils from Romania in Bruxelles and with the support of the National Authority for Tourism.


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Scientific Tourism

The Scientific Tourism begins to be an emergent tendency in those developed countries that look for to promote a more direct and participative way to involve people in the knowledge of the natural world.

Romania has great potential for both scientific and tourism interest in biodiversity( the fourth place in the world considering the number of caves – about 11 000).
The territory of Romania covers the highest diversity of European biogeographic regions: continental, pannonic, alpine, pontic and steppic. The last two biogeographic regions are not even represented in the EU states. While the pontic biogeographic region is also present in Bulgaria, the steppic biogeographic region is present only in Romania. Both biogeographic regions host a large number of species.
Romania has 3,700 higher plant species from which 57 are endemic, 171 sub-endemic and 1,253 rare; of these, 39 species are considered endangered and 171 vulnerable (Oltean M. & al., 1994). At the same time, the Romanian Red Book of Vertebrates includes: 40 Pisces, 17 Amphibians, 19 Reptilians, 72 Aves and 72 Mammalian species. From the total number of 827 scientific reserves, natural monuments and nature reserves, 134 are inside the biosphere reserves, national parks and natural parks and 693 are outside (as listed in Annex 1 of the Romanian Law 5/2000).

Mures

Cave tourism and tourism in protected areas

In the Calimani and Gurghiu Mountains there are the so-called ‘moulding caves’, which are tubular, unique in Europe, but unfortunately not very visited because they lack cave formations and they are not very deep. On both sides of the Mures Valley, between Deda and Toplita there are over 100 of these small caves or grottos. Just to quote some of them: in Rastolita (T1, T2, T3), Androneasa (Casoaia lui Lados), Stanceni, Salard.
On the Sebes Valley there is another small cave called The Cave of Lakes. In Sarateni there is a cave in grit stone and in Sovata there are caves in salt, near the Ursu Lake.

Contacts: Ursus Spelaeus Organisation, Kocsis László, Tel.: +40-746875955; www.permob.ro

In Mures County there protected areas and natural reserves which present a scientific interest as well. Such is the Calimani National Park, the most picturesque natural area of the county, and one of the most beautiful in Romania.
The Calimani Mountain is a volcanic one and its extinguished crater has a diameter of 10 km. Up to an altitude of 2000m we encounter rich vegetation represented by juniper trees, spruce-fir, and mountain peony. There is a Juniper-tree Reserve, which besides the beautiful scenery represents a unique habitat in Europe.

The “12 Apostles” Reserve comprises anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures of cemented lava sculpted by natural factors in the course of time. There are mountain trails leading up the mountain but it is recommended that you contact the Mures Mountain Rescue Team (Begidzsán László Tel.: +40-727553996)
For further details (maps of trails, pictures) and contacts you can access: www.calimani.ro or www.alpinet.org

The Steppe Peony Reserve from Zau de Campie attracts tourists during the blossoming period, in the month of May.
Contact: Zau de Campie
Town Hall, Tel: +40-265486112
E-mail: zaucampie@cjmures.ro
The not so known mud volcanoes from Deleni present a geological interest.
Contacts: Ursus Spelaeus Organisation,
Kocsis László, Tel: +40-746875955

The Scaunul Domnului Peak (1380 m), meaning “God’s Chair”, in direct translation is a very popular destination for hikers, with a really nice panorama towards 3 different river valleys from the top. The trail starts from the village of Deda-Bistra on the Mures Valley, 55 km away from the town of Tirgu-Mures.
Contact: www.salvamont.org, or www.mures.ro, or www.cjmures.ro

Reservations and natural monuments in Bistrita-Nasaud county

  • The dendrological Park of Arcalia (17 km west of Bistrita, near the willage Arcalia) of 16 ha, where there grow over 150 trees and shrubs from different areas of the globe:the silver firtree, the Caucasian spruce fir tree, the Japanese acacia tree,
  • Piatra Corbului geologic and floristic, (9 km of Budacu de Sus), in the Calimani Mountains,
  • The salt massif of Saratel geological reservation (12 km south-west of Bistrita), where a basinful of salt water was arranged for the treatment of the rheumatism,
  • The Glade with Daffodils (Poiana cu narcise) on the Saca Mount (the Rodna Mountains),
  • The Cliff with Dolls (Rapa cu papusi) close to Domnesti – geologic reservation which contains different microrelief carved by nature during the geologic eras,
  • The Rapa Mare Cliff close to Budacul de Sus (20 km south-east of Bistrita) paleontological reservation,
  • Padurea din Ses from Orheiul Bistritei 60-80 years old trees, swampy soil suitable for the presence of the montley tulip-the unique one in the world, etc., And speaking of flowers, we have to mention: the edelweiss (in the Rodna Mountains and on Cormaia), the Forest Lily (in Teaca and Sanmihaiul de Campie), Papucul Doamnei the most beautiful orchid in our region, all of them are natural monuments,
  • The muddy volcanos of Monor, at the exist towards Batos in the swampy area called “la gloduri – the place where” the earth is bubbling and remonstrating with you”, as the old people used to say – a geological reservation.
  • The Izvorul Tausoarelor Cave, near Rebrisoara, close by the Balea top of theRodnas, on the left side of Izvorul Tausoarelor valley, the deepest cave in Romania – 478,5 m, the underground galleries being 17,5 m long. It has got an interesting and matchless underground hydrographic system and a various fauna swith a great scientic value. It is tempting, yet extremely dangerous and that is the reason why it is easy of acces only for the competent and the experienced ones,
  • The Jgheabul lui Zavalion Cave, at Paraul Orb source, is situated at 242 m level, being thus considered to be on the 2nd place in Romania,
  • The Maglia’s Cave, on the right mountains side of the Maglia’s Spring brook,
  • The Zanele Cave, the altitude of which is one of the Maglia’s Spring brook,
  • The Bistrita Ardeleana Gorges and Valley, present you a mirific landscape along the 65 km they cover, from an altitude of 1562 m, from up there, in the Calimani Mountains. Their clear waters are simply dashing through the proud firtress carving narrow gorges with steep walls and forming the Devil Waterfalls, at their gorges entrance,
  • The Repedea Valley, a complex reservation (a floristic and faunistic one) 7 km long among the volcanic formations of the Calimani Mountains, its area being scatted around with rocks impressively carved by mother nature under the form of – mushrooms, apostoles, poles, granting the places a special charm – a real invitation to excursions, no on account neglected,
  • Lala Mare Lake – is one of the most beautiful alpine lakes in Romania,
  • The Lala Mica Lake,
  • The Ineu Lake,
  • The Colibita Lake – an artificial dam (in the Bargau Mountains),
  • The Zanelor Lake (Taul Zanelor) a complex reservation in the Calimani Mountains,
  • The Cetatele Lake – or Taul Caianului, near Caianul Mic, protected by the law,
  • The ALAC Lake in Zagra – famous for the strange presence of the lake turtles, the long-tailed turtle or the turtle with a trough – a zoological reservation, a.s.o.

Satu Mare

Cultural tourism is rich in what it can offer. There are many libraries, historical and archaeological museums, memorial houses and castles or fortresses that can be visited.
A circuit that offers opportunities to learn about the history of this area is The circuit of medieval and ancient fortresses and castles and includes the following localities: Satu Mare – Carei – Tasnad – Ardud with deviation towards Hodod – Mediesu Aurit – Livada – Turulung – Satu Mare.
An objective of great cultural value is The Open air Museum from Oas Land which is situated in the centre of Negresti Oas town and it is very close to the national road DN 19, Satu Mare – Sighetu Marmatiei. What is very special here is the fact that the masters working at the museum (the miller, the ironsmith, the potter) do not make just simple demonstrations of their skills. This picturesque place with a special hospitality and tradition is a tourist destination with special valence for many tourists.
Another tourist objective belonging to this type of tourism is The Dendrological Park from Carei Town which surrounds the Karolyi Castle. The park has about 110 exotic species, some of them are rarities of dendrological flora from Romania and others representing real records through their dimensions. The castle hosts in its rooms the Town Museum – with archaeological and nature sciences sections.
Within the folkloric variant of the cultural tourism, Satu Mare County can boast with two special cultural events: “The shepherd’s partnership festivity” and “The festival of folklore from Codru Zone”. “The shepherd’s partnership festivity” takes place every year in the month of May in Huta-Certeze locality and it is the greatest event of the inhabitants from Oas Land linked by the traditional work of shepherding, feast that stands for the coming of spring and the drawing out of the ship for grazing. After “measuring the milk” starts the feast with all kind of food specific to this area, “boace” and plum brandy; then the feast is continuing with dances and songs. The dances from this area are animated by the staccato rhythm of “cetera”, by “tipurituri” and by the beat of hands tap.
“The festival of folklore from Codru Zone” takes place every year in the month of August in the beautiful forest near Oteloaia (Commune Homoroade). Here the visitor can be acquainted with the specific ethnographic and folkloric elements, among which the difficult and spectacular dances are highlighted.

Brasov

Speleolegic Tourism

Speleolegy is a guided foray in a cave, orientation and advancing of various bars.
Speleolegy Reserves:
Cave in Valea Cetatii (Rasnov), Liliecilor Cave (Moeciu) and Barlogul Ursului Cave (Apata).
Smart Tours
Republicii str nr. 38, Brasov
phone: +4.0268.417.866
Fax: +4.0268.418.577
Mobil: +40.744.329.336 / +40.745.74.75.75

NATURAL Reservations
PREJMER FORESTIs a floral and forest reservation locatted 20 km Nord-East of the city of Brasov , I in the range of the communes of Harman and Prejmer, on DN 11. It is located at an altitude of 500 meters and it spreads on a surface of 300 ha.
•  Dealul Lempes Reserve - Flora reserve in Tara Barsei, 8 km from Brasov , belonging to Sanpetru and Harman villages, with an area of 274,52 ha. Xerophile vegetation of the warm, relatively dry period of post glacial age turned this hill into a scientific reserve.
•  Harman, Prejmer and Stupini marshes - Area of 200 ha., reserve dating since 1962. In Barsei Depression, northwards from the large bend of Olt river, in the area of Harman, Prejmer and Stupini vollages, there are numerous euthropic marshes where rare flora and fauna, numerous glacial relicts can be found.
•  Narcissi Glade Dumbrava Vadului The Flora reserve of 39 ha in Depresiunea Fagarasului. A small forest of oak trees not far from Sercaia village shelters. Shelters the enchanting Narcissi Glade, one of the most splendid places in Romania . The glade is populated by oak trees among which aspen tree and waythorn grow along the brooks. The dominant species is Narcissus stellaris, in full bloom during the month of May. Access: DN 73A, Contact person: Cristinel Paltin – mayor of Sercaia
•  Padurea Bogatii It is a geological reservation in Persani Mountains between Hoghiz and Maierus on 17 km.
It is formed especially from beech and has a rich fauna being in the same time a hunting field with a special statute as reservation. It owns an important number of animals, hunting chalets and natural springs.
Through the forest pass a valley named “Valea Bogatii” ( Bogata Valley ) and the national road DN13 on 25 km.

Bucegi Mountains Bucegi National Park is dating from 1943 (partially from 1932) and has a surface 35700 ha.
It includes:
•  Reserve Abruptul - Bucsoiu, Malaiesti, Valea Gaura (cat. IV - 1643 ha),
•  Reserve Abruptul Prahovean (cat. I - 3748 ha),
•  Reserve Ialomitei (Batrana and Cocora mountains).
•  Spruce fir woods mixed with larch tree and arolla pine, as well as endemic olants ; Karst relief in Ialomita Valley and Horoabe ;
•  Reserve Zanoaga (Zanoaga mountains and Cheile Zanoaga Mare). Preserving thermophile (sub mediterranean and baltic) species and century – old spruce fir woods.
•  Reserve Turbaria Laptici- between Cheile Coteanu si Tatarului
•  Reserve Babele preserves the relief produced by the erosion of conglomerate and limestone (Babele, Ciupercile and Sfinxul) and associations of alpine vegetation. -Reserve Omu protects associations of alpine tundra vegetation with endemic plants of the Carpathians.

Piatra Craiului National Park

The National Park Piatra Craiului dates from 1938, and has a surface 14800 ha.
Includes several nature reserves:
•  Peretele Vestic
•  Piatra Mica
•  Prapastia Zarnestilor
•  Hornurile Grindului - Muchia Lunga

1000 species and 123 sub-species of superior plants (32% of country total) out of which 53 endemic species (41% of country totel) including the remarkably delicate and beautiful Diantus Callizanus.
Fauna is as rich and varied as the vegetation: Berus vier, Tetrao urogallus, Rupicapra rupicapra, to name just a few of the most important species.
Fin this area the project Big Carnivores in the Carpathions is being developed, aiming at preserving wolf, bear and lynx populations and their habitat.

Nature monuments in Piatra Craiului :
•  Nature Monument Coltii Chiliilor
•  Nature Monument Acul Crapaturii
•  Nature Monument Padina Inchisa - Orga Mare
•  Nature Monument Turnurile Dianei
•  Nature Monument Zaplazul
•  Nature Monument Cerdacul Stanciului
•  Nature Monument Cerdacul de sub Varful Grindu
•  Nature Monument Vladusca
•  Nature Monument Pestera Mare
•  Nature Monument Zidul lui Dumnezeu
Access: DN 73A Predeal - Zarnesti and DN73 Bran- Campulung.

Mount Tampa The Tâmpa natural reservation rises nearly 400 m above the City of Brasov and covers an area of about 150 ha. Tâmpa is the only landscape reservation entirely within the county. Two species of plants are to be found exclusively in this area: ‘the Braveheart's Cross' – ‘Hepatica Transilvanica' and ‘the Transylvanian wind-grass' – ‘Bromus marcensis'. Almost 35% of the total number of butterfly species in Romania , have been found to live on Tampa .

Postavaru Mountain

15 km from Brasov lies the landscape reserve Postavarul, 1025 ha area, dating from 1980.
A large range of plant and animal species are preserved in the area, as well as the wild landscape, not affected by human influence. In the middle of reserve, covering 150 ha, there lies Poiana Brasov resort.
Access: DN1 - DN73A

Dumbravita fishing complex

The Dumbravita fishing complex is located in Bârsei Depression, Transylvania Province, central part of Romania; it is divided in two main sectors: a reservoir lake (120 ha of water surface) and a fish ponds system - the total area counts 414 ha
The vegetation is represented mainly on reed beds and other emergent plants (Typha, Carex, Phalaris, Glyceria etc.) and counts over 35 ha. Other vegetation is formed by patches of Salix scrub and other trees
An important marsh and fen / bog with different plant associations occur on the western shore of the reservoir (a few hectares)
Permits activities in the fishing complex: angling on the northern and southern shore of the reservoir, fishing/aquaculture, bird watching and biodiversity research, traditional activities of the local communities (hay making, graying, agriculture)

Geological and geomorfological reserves: Extremely beautiful grups of basalt colums, 10-15m high, situated in the quarry near Racosul de Jos railway station.
 
Access: DN1-DN13 and DC33 - 60 km from Brasov .

Speoleologic Reserves Speoleologic reserves are in : Pestera Valea Cetatii (Rasnov), Pestera Liliecilor (Moeciu) and Pestera Barlogul Ursului (Apata).
Oak-trees in Cristian Eastwards from Cristian village, 10 km far from Brasov, there is a splendidi oak forest, a nature monument grace to the imposing aspect and the appreciably old (over 400 years) age of the trees.
Acces: DN 73

Birch-wood in Reci
Flora reserve of about 34 ha in the meadow of raul Negru, affluent of Olt River, consisting of a complex of eutropic marshes populated with rare species, glacial relics as dwarf birch, fern, wild Angelica.
Access: DN11

Observing birds and animals

“Hunting by binoculars” is a relatively new preoccupation of tourists and we have to recognise that the concern for nature expressed by foreigners and for protecting ecosystems, some of them in danger of disappearing , determined the Romanian tour operators to include in their tourist offers these kinds of programs.

Observing birds and animals became a passion for foreign tourists, and the mountains of Romania offer many attractions to satisfy these requests.

Piatra Craiului
Contact: Dan Marin Tel. + 40 744 319 708 E-mail: dan_marin_zarnesti@yahoo.co.uk
•  Looking for wild animals around Bucegi mountains
•  Exploring wolf research areas
•  Bird watching
•  the programs contains: myths, legends and traditional beliefs (english and french)
 

Prices:

• 25Euros/person/guiding day for groups up to four persons
• 20 Euros/person/guiding day for groups between 5 and 12
• Barbecue option-20 Euros/person
 
 
THE ENERGETIC MUSEUM IN SADU
Description
Access routes: We depart from Sibiu and travel to Sadu. From the center of the village we go on further up to the valley for approximately 2 km. It is one of the most interesting museums of its kind as it offers us the possibility of visiting an electric power station of 1 MW that has been continuously working since 1896. We can also admire Swedish, Hungarian or Romanian turbines, wonders of technology at their time, measuring equipment and other tools that have been used for years.
Source: Visiting the county of Sibiu in Transylvania , by Andrei Buta, Editura Constant
THE PHARMACY HISTORY MUSEUM
 
Description
The building was in fact a drug store called “La Ursul Negru” and was first mentioned in 1500. Among the 6000 pieces that compose the collection we can see installations that belonged to the alchemists and the pharmacists from the 17-19 th century. Pharmaceutical equipments such as wooden, glass and china pots, technical-medical tools, surgeon's case, microscopes used in the XVII-XIX th century.
Address: No.26, Piata Mica ( Small Square )
 
„HERMANN OBERTH” MUSEUM
 
Description
Hermann Oberth was born on the 25 th of July 1894 and passed away on the 28th of December 1989 in Nurnberg. He put the theoretical bases of the spatial navigation, the rocket with liquid propellant, as a functional model and he founded a school in the air space domain. He also fought for the ideal of conquering the space being the 1 st space pioneer who didn't think only at the scientific matter of the problem, but at its filosofical and economic dimension, at its meaning for the future generation ( a new dimension of the human creation, a real means of defeating the limits imposed by the finite character of the space and of resources. The „Hermann Oberth” Museum was inaugurated on the 25 th of June 1994, at the centenary of Hermann Oberth's birth. The museum is situated in the Municipality of Medias, strada Hermann Oberth, nr. 23, in the house inhabited by the scholar's family between 1924 and 1928. Projections of documentary films related to the history of the space conquest by man are made in the audio-video room.
Adresa:  Str. Hermann Oberth, nr. 23
Telefon: 0269/841140
Source: Visiting the county of Sibiu in Transylvania , by Andrei Buta, Editura Constant